Some Relations on Paratopisms and An Intuitive Interpretation on the Adjugates of a Latin Square

This paper will present some intuitive interpretation of the adjugate transformations of arbitrary Latin square. With this trick, we can generate the adjugates of arbitrary Latin square directly from the original one without generating the orthogonal array. The relations of isotopisms and adjugate transformations in composition will also be shown. It will solve the problem that when F1*I1=I2*F2 how can we obtain I2 and F2 from I1 and F1, where I1 and I2 are isotopisms while F1 and F2 are adjugate transformations and * is the composition. These methods could distinctly simplify the computation on a computer for the issues related to main classes of Latin squares.Comment: Any comments and criticise are appreciate

Experimental study and analysis of RC beams strengthened with CFRP laminates under sustaining load

AbstractSix reinforced concrete beams strengthened in flexure using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates subjected to different sustaining loads were tested. The main goal of the test is to examine the effects of initial load and load history on the ultimate strength of strengthened reinforced concrete beams by externally bonded CFRP laminates. The main experimental parameters include different levels of sustaining load at the time of strengthening and load history. To explain the experimental results in quantitative terms, a theoretical model for flexural behavior of the strengthened reinforced concrete beam is also developed. Test results in the current study show that sustaining load levels at the time of strengthening have important influence on the ultimate strength of strengthened reinforced concrete beams. If the initial load is basically same, the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates is almost same regardless of load history at the time of strengthening

The Educational Research of the Elevator Safety Warning Pictures for the Young Children

AbstractThe vast majority of children aged 2-12 in China seldom have safety consciousness. They are lack of the risk prevention knowledge. The children shouldn’t be allowed to take the elevator alone. However, in the real life, the young children are very interested in taking elevators as a kind of game. Few people or educational organizations pay close attention to the study of the elevator safety warning system, especially the warning pictures, which are taken as a very efficient way to prevent the potential risks. In this article, China's elevator safety publicity system and the different elevator manufacturers’ designs are introduced. Because of the public utilities, the concept to carry out uniform standards in elevator safety warning is proposed. Propaganda target, picture warning content, warning way, and intensity of color are defined. To enact a consistent standard, the principles of scientific elevator safety warning pictures’ system, combination of universality and particularity and color and pattern and text should be followed

Does COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on China’s Economy Structure and Sustainability of Deep Economic Determinants?

The outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted on the global economy since 2020. This paper employs regression models to investigate China’s economy structure and sustainability of deep determinants, such as human capital, business environment. It finds that the central government like to adjust China’s economy structure to mitigate the impact of crucial crisis to remain economic sustainability. Additionally, COVID-19 like SARS has no impact on Chinese economic sustainability, because this pandemic is unable to effect economic deep determinants in the short run. Human capital accumulation is the significant deep factors, and COVID-19 epidemic has no impact on these long-run factors during a short period. It suggests further human capital including labor quantity and education is currently the most significant determinants for China’s economy sustainability, followed by the upgrading business environment.Keywords: COVID-19, Economy structure, Deep determinants, Economic SustainabilityJEL Classifications: O11, O40, O53DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11263</p